How does twisted pair wire work

You can see that illustrated in this image. These two waves are identical in frequency and amplitude, but opposite in polarity.

When one wave is positive, the other is negative. When added together, they counteract one another and result in no voltage at all. Placing the wires next to one another will greatly reduce the energy of the magnetic fields created by each wire. The two magnetic fields interact and work against one another. This is called destructive interference. Remember that magnetic fields caused by other cables or devices can inject noise into a circuit. Placing the wires of a circuit in close proximity can also help to prevent this from happening.

The signal passing through the circuit is opposite in each wire of the circuit. When the signal reaches the destination, the device that receives the signal expects to see opposite voltages on each wire.

However, any magnetic field that interacts with the wires along the path from source to destination will generate a voltage that is the same in each wire. The receiving device will see that there is a common voltage, and reject it. This is called common mode rejection.

In both cases, placing the wires close to one another reduces the amount of noise entering or exiting the circuit. Destructive interference and common mode rejection only result in complete cancellation when the two opposite energies are perfectly aligned.

This means that a nearby circuit will almost always be closer to one wire than the other. Likewise, a magnetic field passing by will almost always interact with one wire before the other. When the opposite signals are not perfectly aligned, some cancelation occurs, but not complete cancellation.

Ideally, the two wires will occupy the same exact position so that any nearby circuits or noise sources are the same distance from each wire. Coaxial cables are one of the best attempts at achieving this goal. The center conductor shares an axis with the outer sleeve. This is quite expensive to produce, difficult to terminate, and limits a cable to carrying only one channel. Twisting wires is a great compromise that allows a cable to carry many channels while still placing the wires in very close proximity, rejecting a significant amount of noise.

Twisted pair is often for home use, though higher twisted pair grades can be used for LAN installs. When two wires with separate insulation are twisted around one another, twisted pair cable is the result.

The cable is available in solid or stranded versions. Stranded wiring offers greater flexibility for installs that require bending. Solid wiring, also known as solid core cable , can cover more distance but is not designed for installs that require physical flexing. Both the shielded and unshielded twisted pairs are available in solid or stranded variations.

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