While the color orange is not symbolic for Buddhist monks, the tradition of wearing orange has maintained prominence in the East. Contemporary monks wear synthetically dyed orange robes in honor of the memory of their ancient brothers in Southeast Asia. In other parts of the world, the robes worn by Buddhist monks are different colors.

For example, Tibetan Buddhist monks wear burgundy robes. Also, white robes are often worn on special observance holidays. For example, they use roots, the bark of trees, leaves, fruits, flowers, or tubers. Also, they use spices which include the saffron or turmeric.

This is what gives the robe the orange-yellow color. As a result, Buddhists call the robe saffron robe. Today, the Buddhist monks may no longer dye their clothes with plant matter. However, they still kept the original color they got from dying the clothes with plant matter.

Moreover, the different color shades obtained are as a result of using varying plant substances. And, also at varying quantities. In addition, before the monks dye their robes in the early days, they use red clay to wash them.

The clay has the capacity to stain the clothes. As a result, they get a brown-red color robe. This practice affects the shade of orange color produced after dying the clothes. Buddhism is a practice that one can say came out of Hinduism.

This is because the prevalent religion in India is Hinduism. And, Hinduism is already existing about half a millennium before Buddhism. Above all, the Buddha originally practiced Hinduism before seeking for enlightenment. As such, most Buddhist practices today relate to that of Hindus. On the same note, the Hindu ascetics started the practice of wearing orange color robes. The Hindu ascetics are the Yogis or Sannyasis. However, we should focus on why the Hindu ascetics chose to wear orange clothes.

Well, the orange color represents fire which the Hindus consider as pure. In addition, the color of fire symbolizes sacrifice. Of course, the ascetics sacrificed pleasure both sensual and material. This practice goes back to the Vedic era. And, the Veda which is the oldest Hindu sacred text recorded the practice.

Most of all, the Hindus perform rituals involving the burning of offerings. For example, they throw grains, milk, and other substances into a fire.

This is where the color of fire as a symbol of sacrifice started. On the other hand, the color of fire also includes yellow, red, plus the orange. These can come in varying shades. And, these shades appear in the dressing of the ascetics. Today, the Yogis still use these colors of robes. More so, the Hindus still consider them sacred. Summarily, we can say that Buddhists adopted the orange robe from the Hindu practice. As a result, today Buddhist monks wear the orange or saffron robes.

However, most people who practice Buddhism outside India do not know the reason behind the colors. This is because the Buddhist texts did not cover the topic. But, the Hindu text talked about it in detail. This reason is mostly the belief of Theravada Buddhists.

To clarify, the orange robe shows the color of the sun that shines from far away. However, we can still see the light. Therefore, Buddhist monks wear orange robes to represent this radiating light. In addition, the orange robe portrays a light that shines in the darkness. There is also a wide range of sashes, capes, obis, stoles, and other accouterments worn with robes in these Mahayana countries. On ceremonial occasions, monks, priests, and sometimes nuns of many schools often wear a sleeved "inner" robe, usually gray or white; a sleeved outer robe, fastened in the front or wrapped like a kimono, and a kashaya wrapped over the outer sleeved robe.

In Japan and Korea, the outer sleeved robe is often black, brown, or gray, and the kashaya is black, brown, or gold but there are many exceptions to that. Tibetan nuns, monks, and lamas wear an enormous variety of robes, hats, and capes, but the basic robe consists of these parts:. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content.

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AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. What about some hydrogen and some oxygen? The bubbles are water vapor—they are small pockets of water in the gas phase. I mean, they couldn't be air. Where would this air come from? The only option is that the bubbles are made of water vapor. So, what is happening to make these boiling bubbles of water vapor? It's all about temperature and vapor pressure. As the temperature of the water increases, the average speed of the water particles also increases.

At some point, water molecules have enough energy to push back other water molecules in the liquid phase to form a bubble. But you have to have the water hot enough so that the particles are moving fast enough.

It's also about the vapor pressure. In order to keep the bubble from collapsing, the pressure inside the bubble must be equal to the pressure outside the bubble. Inside the bubble is the vapor pressure and outside is the water pressure. This means that for water to boil, the temperature must increase until the vapor pressure is equal to the outside pressure and a bubble can form. What about that external pressure? That depends on two things. First, the water itself. In order for the water to not collapse, the deeper water must have a higher pressure.

So, the water pressure depends on the depth, the density of water and the gravitational field since it's due to the weight of the water.

For a typical glass of water, the pressure at 2 centimeters below the surface is only a 0. And that is the second thing that contributes to the total pressure—the atmosphere.

The atmosphere also pushes down on the surface of the liquid to increase the pressure in the liquid. Now for the fun part. What if I decreased the atmospheric pressure pushing on some liquid water? This would reduce the pressure in the liquid also. If I reduce this pressure enough, I can bring it down to the same level as the vapor pressure. Now the water particles have enough energy to form their tiny little boiling bubbles—without the need to increase the temperature.

I can even get water to boil at room temperature. Yes, you need a vacuum pump and a strong container to get this to work—but you can do it. Notice that I hold onto the boiling water flask just to prove that it's not hot. Trust me. The reason for this variation comes down to the differences in atmospheric pressure at different elevations. Even at the same level, there are natural fluctuations in air pressure; regions of high and low pressure are commonly shown as parts of weather forecast, but these variances are slight compared to the changes as we go higher up into the atmosphere.

This can be thought of as the tendency of molecules in a liquid to escape into the gas phase above the liquid. Vapour pressure increases with increasing temperature, as molecules move faster, and more of them have the energy to escape the liquid. When the vapour pressure reaches an equivalent value to the surrounding air pressure, the liquid will boil.

As we move higher into the atmosphere and the atmospheric pressure drops, so too does the amount of vapour pressure required for a liquid to boil. Due to this, the temperature required to reach the necessary vapour becomes lower and lower as we get higher above sea level, and the liquid will therefore boil at a lower temperature. In fact, adding any solute to water will increase the boiling temperature, as it reduces the vapour pressure, meaning a slightly higher temperature is required in order for the vapour pressure to become equal to atmospheric pressure and boil the water.

The Big W name was resurrected with the new store in Tamworth in , which was the first Big W discount department store to open, with a more successful discount department store format that continues today. Big W is not the only store whose name sparks debate. But the K could be a nod to its founder, Mr Kresge who died in , three years before the first Kmart opened in Australia. Astroworld death toll rises as year-old student succumbs to 'horrific' injuries Posted 3m ago 3 minutes ago Thu 11 Nov at pm.

Three people killed in single-vehicle crash in central Queensland Posted 11m ago 11 minutes ago Thu 11 Nov at pm. Alleged drug smuggler Mostafa Baluch to remain behind bars after having bail revoked Posted 20m ago 20 minutes ago Thu 11 Nov at pm. Posted 29m ago 29 minutes ago Thu 11 Nov at pm. Got photos or video of the heavy rain? We want to see them Posted 29m ago 29 minutes ago Thu 11 Nov at pm. More Just In. Back to top. Footer ABC News homepage.

Companies Retail Print article. Sue Mitchell Senior reporter. Apr 1, — Save Log in or Subscribe to save article. Sue Mitchell is a senior Companies reporter and writes about retail, consumer products and fast-moving consumer goods. Connect with Sue on Twitter. Email Sue at suemitchell afr. Smaller Target puts Big W in crosshairs. Please try again later. The Sydney Morning Herald. By Dominic Powell May 26, — Save Log in , register or subscribe to save articles for later.

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Read more. Drivers powering a vehicle with traditional all-wheel drive do not get the advantage of a variable torque split. Other auto manufacturers have been unable to replicate such advanced technology found in quattro.

For unparalleled power distribution, an active commitment to safety, increased driver confidence, and specialized, tailored ratio distribution, Audi quattro truly is an innovative, superior traction control system. Brand Information. Drivers know that all four wheels will unfailingly provide dependable traction on a variety of driving surfaces: Windy conditions Winter precipitation sleet, snow, hail Rainy weather Dirt and gravel roads Not all quattros are one-size-fits-all Most Audi quattro systems are Torsen T1, which means it senses the torque at a split.

Sport differential uses an active rear differential that utilizes rear wheels to help achieve maximum cornering performance when turning the wheels. S and RS models use a sport differential. Available torque vectoring brakes inside wheels in corners and transfers torque to the outside wheels. The clutch locks when a front axle slip is detected, and all the torque is sent to the back if needed.

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Sign up for PureWow Recipes. A valid email address is required. Also known as broad beans, fava beans should be a bigger staple of our diets, since they work in soups , bean salads , and even dips like hummus , providing plenty of protein along the way. In addition to filling protein, lima beans contain the amino acid leucine, which may play a big role in healthy muscle synthesis among older people. She likes them for their versatility, whether served as a side, mixed into grains like rice, pureed with broccoli , or blended into a soup.

Green peas are also high in vitamins A, K, and C. Whether on top of Korean bibimbap or in stir fry, soybean sprouts add crunch and a hefty dose of protein to plant-based plates. Protein: 8 grams per 1 ounce.

A 1-ounce serving packs in nearly 8 grams of protein, making it and peanut butter an ideal snack before or after the gym. The legumes are also easy to integrate into unexpected recipes, from protein-packed pancakes to tacos.

Protein: 7 grams per 1 large potato, cooked. Red potatoes and white ones , too are packed with protein, but what makes them special, Jones notes, is their high levels of dietary fiber and vitamin B6, which promotes the metabolism of protein. Baked, mashed, or roasted with other veggies , red potatoes are that rare combination of crowd-pleasing and healthy.

Protein: 3. Protein: 6 grams per 1 cup, cooked. Protein: 5. These little green veggies have always gotten an unfairly bad rap, but they can be delicious, nutritional superstars, at least if you know how to cook them. Might we suggest a mustard glaze or a shaved salad? So whether you're a vegetarian or an omnivore just looking to pack on the protein without having to scarf down another baked chicken breast, bookmark this handy guide to always have your go-to plant-based sources on hand.

Yes, we included some botanically classified fruits like eggplant and pepper, but we put them on the list because people typically eat them like veggies. While eating eggplant won't be listed as one of the best weight loss tips from the world's fittest men as it's fairly low in the protein department, it's still a great addition to your diet.

The purple plant is packed with powerful antioxidants called anthocyanins that provide neuroprotective benefits like bolstering short-term memory. Sign up for our newsletter for more healthy eating tips and cozy recipes.

What's up, doc? Unfortunately, it's not the protein content of carrots. That being said, munching on these veggies either raw or steamed will still serve up a healthy dose of inflammation-fighting vitamin A.

Although bell pepper won't directly increase your lean muscle mass, the vitamin-C-rich veggie will still help you turn off the stress hormone that's causing you to put on belly fat. Protein, per 1 cup cooked : 2. You'll soon see that kale has more protein than the next veggie, but we docked it a spot because the majority of dieters eat this leafy green raw, in which case, you'll only get a measly half a gram of protein out of a cup.

To up your muscle-building power, we'd recommend adding some chickpeas to your next kale salad. It may be low, but 2 grams of protein for only 27 calories and an additional 2 grams of fiber isn't all that bad for zucchini. Saute it up in some olive oil for a side dish, or throw diced zucchini into one of these soup recipes. It's one of our favorite cruciferous veggies to roast, but pick it up to make a low-carb pizza crust rather than a replacement for your roast pork.

To get those three grams of protein, you'll also have to scarf down calories, so don't go too crazy. Slice some of this healthy fat to serve on a slice of sprouted grain bread, on a side salad, or throw it into a smoothie! If you can get past the bitter taste, broccoli rabe is a great addition to your diet. A number of cell studies have shown that Chinese cabbage is rich in compounds with antioxidant activity. Its outer leaves appear to contain the most antioxidants. It may also have anti-inflammatory properties 21 , 22 , Some studies say that Brassica vegetables, a group that includes Chinese cabbage, could contain compounds that reduce the risk of prostate cancer Additionally, an animal study showed that taking supplements of Chinese cabbage powder reduced the risk of liver cancer People use Chinese cabbage in many Asian recipes, such as stir-fries, kimchi, soups, and spring rolls.

Asparagus is a very popular vegetable with a high nutrient content. Asparagus has the following protein content 26 :. Asparagus is a rich source of vitamin K and a good source of folate and riboflavin.

It also contains some magnesium, phosphorous, and vitamin A. Asparagus may also have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties It also contains fructooligosaccharides. These provide prebiotic benefits, stimulating the growth of friendly intestinal bacteria 28 , Mustard greens belong to the Brassica family.

They are very similar to kale but have a distinct mustard flavor. Mustard greens have the following protein content 30 :. They are a rich source of vitamin C and also contain calcium, potassium, and B vitamins.

They are also a good source of vitamin E. Mustard greens, like many other plants, contain phenolic compounds that give them antioxidant properties 22 , A test-tube study demonstrated that steaming mustard greens increases their ability to bind to bile acids.

This may help them reduce cholesterol levels The same study also found that steaming may have similar positive effects on collard greens, kale, cabbage, green peppers, and broccoli. Collard greens are dark green, loose leafed vegetables from the same family as kale, broccoli, and cauliflower. Collard greens have the following protein content 33 :. Their vitamin K content is particularly remarkable, with mcg in a single cup. They are also rich in vitamin C and folate, are a good source of calcium, and contain some potassium.

As another member of the Brassica family, collard greens are a good source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants 31 , Research has linked the high levels of antioxidants in collard greens with a decreased risk of developing prostate cancer One study reported that people who eat cruciferous vegetables, such as collard greens, are less likely to receive a diagnosis of breast cancer Collard greens can also bind to bile acids in the gut, which helps reduce cholesterol levels.

One study showed that steam cooking boosts this benefit People can enjoy collard greens steamed or sauteed.

Take your application and documents to your local Service Canada Centre. Who can get a Social Insurance Number? This includes: Canadian citizens Permanent residents Some temporary residents Some refugee claimants If you are a refugee claimant or a temporary resident, you will get a SIN with an expiration date. From Service Canada. Who can apply for a SIN? What do I do if my SIN is lost or stolen? Last updated: June 7, Discussion Forum How do I find a job as a nurse?

How do I get a better job working in payroll? You'll also have to get one to participate in the Social Security insurance program. Most citizens are assigned an SSN at birth, with hospitals expediting the application process for newborns.

However, you can apply at any age using the form SS If you are over 12 years old, you will need to go in for an interview and present original documents that prove your identity as well as your citizenship. If you were not born a citizen, you must prove naturalization. Noncitizens with a legal right to work in the country can get an SSN by establishing their identity, immigration status and age.

It is also possible for someone not authorized to work in the country to get an SSN to obtain certain government services. The Social Insurance number is a unique number issued to Canadians by the government of Canada for many of the same reasons the U.

It is also a nine-digit number and is required before individuals can work in Canada or qualify for government benefits and programs. The Canadian government also uses the SIN as a core method of identification.

However, anyone who is eligible can apply for an SIN and must do so in order to hold a job or receive government benefits. You must apply in person if you are in the country, and provide documentation proving your identity and eligibility,. Under the Canadian system, credits are measured in years. To simplify the information in the table, U. This benefit is payable outside Canada for only 6 months following the month of departure from Canada unless the person has at least 20 years of Canadian residence after age No work credits are required.

GIS is payable outside Canada for only 6 months following the month of departure from Canada. CPP- Worker can get full pension at age 65 or reduced pension as early as age Only one contribution 1 year coverage required. OAS- No provision. CPP- Same as children of disabled worker.

QPP- Same as children of disabled worker. CPP- Same minimum contributory requirements as for other survivor benefits. QPP- Same minimum contributory requirements as for other survivor benefits.

If you have Social Security credits in both the United States and Canada, you may be eligible for benefits from one or both countries. If you do not meet the basic requirements, the agreement may help you qualify for a benefit as explained below.

Under the agreement, Canada will consider your U. Social Security credits earned after and after age 18, along with periods of residence in Canada after and after age 18, to meet the OAS residence requirements.

However, to be eligible to have your U. Under the agreement, U. It is not necessary to consider U. Social Security credits in determining eligibility for CPP or QPP retirement benefits since anyone who has made at least one contribution to either plan can qualify for a retirement benefit at 65 or a reduced retirement benefit as early as How credits get counted You do not have to do anything to have your credits in one country counted by the other country.

If we need to count your credits under the Canadian system to help you qualify for a U. If Canadian officials need to count your U. Although each country may count your credits in the other country, your credits are not actually transferred from one country to the other.

They remain on your record in the country where you earned them and can also be used to qualify for benefits there. When a U. This initial benefit is then reduced to reflect the fact that Canadian credits helped to make the benefit payable.

The amount of the reduction will depend on the number of U. This is a result of a provision in U. Social Security. Receipt of a Canadian Old-Age Security pension, which is based on residence in Canada, will not affect the way your benefit is figured.

If you are outside the United States, you may write to us at the address in " For more information " section. Medicare is the U.

Medicare has two parts: hospital insurance also called "Part A" Medicare and medical insurance called "Part B" Medicare. You are eligible for free hospital insurance at age 65 if you have worked long enough under U.

Social Security to qualify for a retirement benefit. People born in or later need 40 credits about 10 years of covered work to qualify for retirement benefits.

As a result, we cannot count your credits in Canada or Quebec to establish entitlement to free Medicare hospital insurance. You can apply with one country and ask to have your application considered as a claim for benefits from the other country. In that case, your application will be sent to the other country. Each country will process the claim under its own laws——counting credits from the other country when appropriate——and notify you of its decision.

If you have not applied for benefits before, you may need to provide certain information and documents when you apply. You may wish to call the Social Security office before you go there to see if any other information is needed.

Each country pays its own benefits. Department of Treasury each month and cover benefits for the preceding month. Normally, people who are not U. Social Security benefits while outside the U. Under the agreement, however, you may receive benefits as long as you reside in Canada, regardless of your nationality.

If you are not a U. The restrictions on U. If you disagree with the decision made on your claim for benefits under the agreement, contact any U.

Social Security office or Canadian Social Security office. The people there can tell you what you need to do to appeal the decision.

The appropriate Canadian Social Security authorities i. Social Security authorities will review your appeal if it affects your rights under the U.

For additional information, select more information or visit our website: www. Learn about Emergency Assistance for Homeowners and Renters. The agreement may help you, your family and your employer While you work—— If your work is covered by both the U. However, the agreement eliminates this double coverage so you pay taxes to only one system see the section on " Coverage and Social Security taxes " section.

When you apply for benefits—— You may have some Social Security credits in both the United States and Canada but not have enough to be eligible for benefits in one country or the other. The agreement makes it easier to qualify for benefits by letting you add together your Social Security credits in both countries. For more details, see the section on " Monthly benefits. Summary of agreement rules The following table shows whether your work is covered under the U. You are working in the U.

Hired you in the U. You are self-employed and you: Reside in the U. Certificate of coverage A certificate of coverage issued by one country serves as proof of exemption from Social Security taxes on the same earnings in the other country. Certificates for self-employed people If you are self-employed and would normally have to pay Social Security taxes to both the U.

If you reside in the United States, you can request a certificate of U.

H 55cm Approximate. Stations of the Cross. All rights reserved. Include tags such as place names, people, dates, events and colours. Find something you like on our old website? When on our new website, just enter the item number in the search box to quickly locate the same item there. Join Our Email List Email:. Papal Shop. We're always looking for great people! Traditionally there were fourteen stations. Visco depicts Christ stepping out of the tomb.

His arms are extended outward as his drape blows in the wind, a manifestation of the glorious excitement of the event. According to tradition, towards the end of her life the Blessed Virgin moved from Jerusalem to Ephesus in modern-day Turkey. No longer able to retrace the steps of her Son's Passion where they actually occurred, she set up an identical Stations of the Cross on her property using stones and markings.

This became the first devotional Stations of the Cross. This is described in detail by Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich according to her visions, below:. When she was living in Jerusalem, she had never failed, ever since Our Lord's death, to follow His path to Calvary with tears of compassion. She had paced out and measured all the distances between the Stations of that Via Crucis, and her love for her Son made her unable to live without this constant contemplation of His sufferings.

Soon after her arrival at her new home [in Ephesus] I saw her every day climbing part of the way up the hill behind her house to carry out this devotion. At first she went by herself, measuring the number of steps, so often counted by her, which separated the places of Our Lord's different sufferings. At each of these places she put up a stone, or, if there was already a tree there, she made a mark upon it. The way led into a wood, and upon a hill in this wood she had marked the place of Calvary, and the grave of Christ in a little cave in another hill.

After she had marked this Way of the Cross with twelve Stations, she went there with her maidservant in quiet meditation: at each Station they sat down and renewed the mystery of its significance in their hearts, praising the Lord for His love with tears of compassion. Afterwards she arranged the Stations better, and I saw her inscribing on the stones the meaning of each Station, the number of paces and so forth.

I saw, too, that she cleaned out the cave of the Holy Sepulcher and made it a place for prayer. At that time I saw no picture and no fixed cross to designate the Stations, nothing but plain memorial stones with inscriptions, but afterwards, as the result of constant visits and attention, I saw the place becoming increasingly beautiful and easy of approach. After the Blessed Virgin's death I saw this Way of the Cross being visited by Christians, who threw themselves down and kissed the ground.

House of the Virgin Mary. And, naturally, with varying numbers the incidents of the Passion commemorated also varied greatly. Wey's account, written in the middle of the fifteenth century, gives fourteen, but only five of these correspond with ours, and of the others, seven are only remotely connected with our Via Crucis. This new form of the Stations of the Cross has the same number of stations 14 as found traditionally in churches, however they vary somewhat in titles as to be more scriptural than traditional.

The following article bears this out:. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group.

In addition, a chapter on exam preparation contains a wealth of helpful hints and tips on revision and exam techniques. Philosophy, Introductions and Anthologies. Teaching Philosophy, Misc in Teaching Philosophy. Edit this record. Mark as duplicate. Find it on Scholar. Request removal from index. Revision history. Download options PhilArchive copy. Google Books no proxy amazon. Configure custom resolver.

Philosophy for A2: Unit 4. Michael Lacewing - - Routledge. Philosophy for A2: Unit 4: Philosophical Problems. Philosophy for As: Epistemology and Philosophy of Religion. Please enable JavaScript. The following subject specific vocabulary provides definitions of key terms used in our A-level Religious Studies , Component 1: Philosophy of religion and ethics. Your students should be familiar with and gain understanding of all these terms.

Analogy is an inference where information or meaning is transferred from one subject to another based on similarities or comparison. An analogical argument relies on analogy to show that due to similarities between the two subjects some further conclusion can be inferred. A contingent truth or being depends on some other factor it could have been otherwise. Necessity implies that something is required, or always true; a fundamental and essential thing.

Evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement. In philosophy, this means there is sufficient evidence or argument to support the truth of a proposition. Cause of suffering within the natural world including disaster, disease, decay and death. Sometimes referred to as suffering, this is evil which is not the consequence of specific human action and humans generally have little or no control over it. Intentional human action commission or inaction omission that results in suffering, eg murder.

This results in having moral responsibility for our free choices. A form of empirical religious experience, ie they are experienced through the senses eg sight, touch, and hearing. An experience of the holy; something wholly other than the natural world and beyond comprehension. Involves the power or presence of a deity.

Mystical experiences or systematic meditation, which cause a heightened awareness of the divine or an ultimate reality. A belief in something or somebody. In terms of religious faith can also imply an attitude of trust or assent to unproved assertions. Language which conveys a knowledge claim or factual information which can be shown to be true or false depending on evidence.

Language about which it is inappropriate to ask whether it is true or false in a factual sense. This includes, for instance, statements of emotions or moral claims. Idea that the meaning of a statement lies in the method of its verification—so that any statement that cannot, even if only in theory, be verified, is meaningless. Belief that the meaningfulness of a statement lies in the method of its falsification. A sentence is only factually significant if there is some evidence to falsify it.

A view of religious language which sees the words representing a reality to which they point, and in which they participate, but which they cannot describe. A phrase coined by Hick for the idea that some statements will be proved true after death, such as claims about an afterlife.

An unexpected event demonstrating the specific power of the divine or supernatural. For Hume, this always entails a breach of the natural laws of physics, but Aquinas and others, emphasize the religious meaning of such events saying that there is no requirement for natural laws to be broken.

Scientific theories can give us true descriptions of the world and knowledge of things that we believe to exist but cannot observe. The view that we cannot have knowledge of a mind-independent world, as any phenomena we observe are then interpreted through the mind.

The nature of the soul is much debated but it is generally considered to be spiritual rather physical and it is usually distinguished from the body and the mind. He argues that human language is inadequate in describing God; therefore we can only speak of him in terms of what he is not. Term used by R.

Hare to describe a religious frame of reference within which everything is interpreted. The name given by Wittgenstein to his claim language has meaning within a particular social context. Each context is governed by rules, in the same way that a game is governed by rules.

The meaning of a statement is defined by the context in which it is used. Indeed philosophy is the activity of using rational argument and logical thinking to shine light on life's big questions. By studying philosophy, you will gain a greater understanding of the world we live in and your own self. You will also form a greater appreciation of any of the other subjects you will be studying, be they science subjects such as Physics or Biology or arts subjects such as English or History.

At A-level, you will look at two topics - Metaphysics of God which contemplates the nature and existence of God and Metaphysics of Mind, the intellectual and practical exploration into the true nature of what we call "Mind". This second year builds on the foundations built in the first year in Epistemology; the study of knowledge and justified belief, and Moral Philosophy; the study of moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activity.

Philosophy will help you develop your ability to construct well-argued, well-informed, balanced and structured written arguments as well as providing you with the necessary skills to examine information in a critical way as well as form judgments based on clear evaluation.

Maxima Zambrano Mora the Mother says, Time was going by, and my daughter was still lying there. I placed a mirror to her mouth to see if she was breathing, there was nothing. We placed a hand on her stomach, nothing.

A coma might be the best candidate here. Nothing more nothing less. Thanks for letting the cat out madam Maxima : Angelica Zambrano recalls, I saw horrible demons, of all types, both large and small. They were running so fast, and carrying something in their hands. That which they carry in their hands are darts to destroy humanity, because each demon is given a name and according to the name that is given to them, they have a dart to destroy that person and bring them to this place; their goal is to destroy that person and bring them to hell.

He was weeping all the time and I would cry too. Jesus continues to weep? If my daughter is not back in 24 hours, I will call a doctor. Quite funny remarks by Maxima. At least here previous words indicate that she did not die. She feel into some sort of trance probably?

Angelica Zambrano says, The Lord told me there were many famous people in Hell, and also many people who had known about the Lord. She was in great torment and would scream, begging the Lord for mercy. You cannot repent now. Please, go tell them not to come here; go tell them that hell is real! For one to ask for forgiveness, one has to firstly be humbled and there is no humility in hell.

Those in hell have no virtue of love i. They neither care for God nor neighbour. That Scripture is not a proof text for hell but what is called purgatory. Angelica Zambrano continues, I looked all over that area, it was full of singers and artists who have died. Then they are more than in paradise. This statement has demonstrated that this supposed vision at least is not hell. Hell is a place for torment not singing. Come on! Angelica Zambrano said, Then the Lord took me to place where there was a very well-known man.

Before now, I used to live as a double minded young Christian girl. I used to think that any person that died would go to Heaven; that those who celebrated mass, would also go to heaven, but I was wrong.

But I was only fooling myself, because I saw him in Hell, being tormented by flames. I looked at his face, it was John Paul II!

He is here in this place; he is being tormented because he did not repent. He used to preach at church. He never said the truth and they know the truth and although he knew the truth, he preferred money over preaching about salvation.

He would not offer reality; would not say that hell is real and that heaven also exists; Daughter, now he is here in this place. This is quite interesting. Come on. I have been enjoying your lack of appreciation of Scripture so far but not this one.

You mean Jesus said His vicar never speak the truth as it is? Then the gates of hell has prevailed against the Church of Christ and Christ has demonstrated that He is a liar and much worse not the truth. If this is the case then I better be an atheist or a Jew, for Christianity has become spurious. Then Peter and Paul died in vain. Then the Church which determined the books which make up the Bible, since, the Bible never fell from the skies and it took the Catholic Church in the 4th and 5th century with the help of St.

Augustine of Hippo and St. Then I am a not just a coward to be Catholic but a big fool to be Christian if what you say has any validity.

Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him. For the gate is narrow and the way is hard, that leads to life, and those who find it are few.

Grant us your peace in this life, save us from final damnation, and count us among those you have chosen. And you shall know the truth: and the truth shall make you free. When I questioned her intentions, she said, "If I return, they can give everything back to me, but if I don't come back, then they can keep everything. But I felt so happy, that I started giving everything away: my clothes, my bed, my cell phone, everything, with one condition: If I come back, everything must be returned to me.

They all started laughing. Maxima: She was very determined, but as a mother I felt so much sorrow. I wondered, "Lord when the moment comes, how will it be? As they started praying, I was arranging thing in the house.

Just let me finish this task. You're not a man that You would lie or repent, I know You are real. If I am going to fail You, then it's best if You just take me with You; but If I am going to do Your will, then bring me back, but help me say the truth, prepare me, help me to preach and to tell people to repent.

So some of us went in to the room and anointed her. He gave us two minutes to anoint her all over, from her hair down, everything, all her body. She was fully anointed. But as they were anointing me, I felt something covering me, like a glass that was surrounding me. It's hard to explain, I felt covered with something like armor, and I couldn't explain how I was covered. After that, when they tried to to uch me, they no longer could. Maxima: As we were praying over Angelica , I was trying to lay my hands on her, but I couldn't to uch her!

This covering started at the to p of her head to her feet, about 30cm 12 inches. That was what shocked me the most. I've lay my hands on people before, in service to the Lord, but something like this had never happened before! I said, "Oh, something must be happening," and I started to pray and to give thanks to the Lord.

The sorrow in my heart was gone, the pain was gone, and I now felt joyful and happy! We continued praying and about at PM, my daughter fell to the floor. Angelica : During prayer, I felt shortness of breath; I couldn't breathe. I felt a pain in my abdomen and in my heart.

All I could say was, "Lord, give me strength, give me strength! I had no strength, it was leaving me! When I looked up to heaven, in the spiritual realm, not with my physical eyes, I saw heaven opening up. In the midst of the millions of angels, I saw a Light, 10, times brighter than the sun. And I said, "Lord that is You who is coming! At this time, we were able to to uch her. I don't have strength, Mommy, I don't have strength and I feel pain.

We kept on praying and pleading with the Lord. The Lord to ok her life! Never before in my life had I seen anybody die. I had to see my daughter, as she was agonizing! It was not easy at all! I couldn't understand her last few words, and at the end she s to pped. I placed my hand on her face, and a mirror to her mouth, to see if she was breathing.

I held her, 6 she was still warm, as normal. I to ok a sheet and covered her up, and in a short while she started to get cold, very cold.

Angelica : Jesus was coming down, and I felt my body dying. When my body fell to the floor, they were already here. My house was full of angels, and in the midst of the angels I saw a Light, stronger than the sun!

It was very difficult; I felt tremendous pain, as my soul and spirit were being to rn away. None of those who were praying there could hear me! And I shouted, "Lord, help me!

The Lord gave me strength at that moment because I didn't know what to do. It was like she was in a coma, but I knew she was OK, because it was the Lord's work. Arise, for I am Jehovah, who holds you by your right hand and tells you, Fear not, I will help you. I had been kneeling down, looking at my body, wanting to get back in but not being able to. There was a strong light shining, and as I gazed at it, I felt peace. Light was projecting from Him. But I could see His beautiful hair of brilliant gold and a white garment with a wide golden girdle that crossed His chest.

He was so beautiful! When I to ok His hand, it wasn't like when I to uched my body, my hand did not go through it. And also, 7 My glory will I show you, for you to tell My people to be prepared, for My glory is real and I am real. I will not leave you in that place and I am going to show you that place because there are many who know that hell exists, but they have no fear.

They believe it's a game, that hell is a joke, and many don't know about it. That is why I am going to show you that place, because there are more that perish than those that are entering My glory. The Earth shook and split open, and I saw a very dark hole below. We were standing on a sort of rock with angels surrounding us. I said, "Lord, I don't want to go to that place! I tried to see but there was a terrible darkness. I did see a huge circle, and hear millions of voices. There was a horrible, repulsive and nauseating smell, and I begged Jesus not to take me.

He responded, "Daughter, it is necessary for you to come and know this place. We arrived at the end of a tunnel, when I looked down I saw an abyss covered in flames. The Lord said "Daughter, I give this to you. You will write everything as you are observing it, as you will live it. I am seeing souls being to rmented, and immense flames.

I placed a mirror to her mouth to see if she was breathing, there was nothing. We checked her pulse, nothing. The servant of the Lord said, "The place where she is, is not a place of smiles but a place of to rment. I started to cry and scream, "Lord, no, no, no, no- I don't want to go! They were running so fast, and carrying something in their hands.

That which they carry in their hands are darts to destroy humanity, because each demon is given a name and according to the name that is given to them, they have a dart to destroy that person and bring them to this place; their goal is to destroy that person and bring them to hell.

He was weeping all the time and I would cry to o. Maxima: My Daughter was dead for 23 hours, but I did not notify the authorities. I prayed, "Lord, I will wait for 24 hours. Angelica : The Lord said to me, "Are you ready to see what I am going to show you? I noticed that the cell was enumerated, though I couldn't understand the numbers, they seemed to be backward. There was a huge plaque in that cell, and the young man had the number "" on his forehead.

The worms that were eating him, were unable to damage that plate; neither did the flames burn it. He screamed, "Lord, have mercy on me. On Earth, this young man knew the Word of God , but abruptly he walked away from the Lord, preferring alcohol, drugs and walking on the wrong path.

Jesus warned him many times on what could happen to him. Jesus said, "Daughter, he is in this place because anyone who rejects My Word already has a judge: The Word that I have spoken will judge him in that last day," John and then Jesus wept.

When the Lord weeps, it's different than we do. He would weep with this pain in His heart and He would sob profoundly. So I asked Him, "Then why is humanity here, Lord? I gave My life out of love and mercy, so that humanity would proceed to repentance and could enter the Kingdom of Heaven. Being with Jesus, made me feel safe. I thought, "If I let go of the Lord, I'll be stuck here! I never could have imagined seeing a relative of mine in that cell. I saw this woman being to rmented, she had worms that would eat her face off, and demons would plunge a type of spear in to her body.

She would scream, "No, Lord, have mercy on me, forgive me, please, take me out of this place for one minute! Demons would mock people and tell them, "Worship and praise because this is your kingdom!

The Lord said, "There is no other opportunity [for those here]; there is still opportunity for those who are alive. I don't know if she ever knew you. Go and tell humanity that it is time to forgive, and especially My people, for many of My people have not forgiven. Tell them to rid 10 themselves of grudges, of resentment, of that hatred in their hearts, for it is time to forgive! If death were to surprise that person who has failed to forgive, that person may go to hell, for no one can purchase life.

Many people would extend their hands out, begging Jesus to help them and take them out of there. But the Lord could not do anything for them and they would start blaspheming God. Then Jesus would weep and say, "It hurts Me to hear them, it hurts Me to see what they do, because I can no longer do anything for them. What I will tell you is that I still have opportunity for he who is still on Earth, who has not yet died, who is still alive; he still has time to repent!

She was in great to rment and would scream, begging the Lord for mercy. Jesus pointed to her with his hand and to ld me, "Daughter, that woman that you see over there, surrounded by flames, is Selena.

You cannot repent now. Please, go tell them not to come here; go tell them that hell is real! All they did was sing and sing, they wouldn't s to p singing. The Lord explained, "Daughter, the person who is here, must continue doing here, whatever they did on Earth, if they had not repented.

I actually thought it was raining. But I noticed the people in flames running away from the rain and shouting, "No, help me, Lord! No, this can't be," and the demons would laugh and tell the people, "Praise and worship because this is your kingdom forever and ever! There was no water there, it was brims to ne that would 11 multiply the flames and increase each person's anguish. Lord, what is this? Before now, I used to live as a double minded young Christian girl. I used to think that any person that died would go to Heaven; that those who celebrated mass, would also go to heaven, but I was wrong.

But I was only fooling myself, because I saw him in Hell, being to rmented by flames. I looked at his face, it was John Paul II!

He is here in this place; he is being to rmented because he did not repent. He used to preach at church. He never said the truth and they know the truth and although he knew the truth, he preferred money over preaching about salvation. He would not offer reality; would not say that hell is real and that heaven also exists; Daughter, now he is here in this place.

It's to o late; there is no other opportunity for you. Jesus said, "Look, Daughter, there are many idolaters in this place. I am the only One who saves, and outside of Me, no one saves. Go and tell humanity that I love them and that they need to come to Me.

I saw images of this man seated on a throne, but I was also able to see beyond that. While it's true that these people do not get married, I can assure you, I'm not making this up, the Lord showed it to me, those people do sleep with nuns; with many women there!

As I was watching all of this, the Lord to ld me, "Look Daughter, all of this which I am showing you is what goes on, what he lived and what keeps on happening among many people, among many priests and popes existing. I asked Him, "Lord, how is it that they walk to this place? They were dressed in black and carrying a load on their back. Jesus said, "Look Daughter, those people that you see there, those people don't know Me yet.

That which they carry on their backs is sin, but go and tell them to turn their burden over to Me, and I will give them rest; that I am He who forgives all their sins Daughter, go and tell those people to come to Me, for I await them with open arms, and go tell them that they are walking to this place. Go and tell them that I have chosen you as My watchman I have chosen you as My watchman, for it means that you are to tell the truth. If you do not speak out and something happens to that person, his blood will be poured over you, but if you go and do as I have to ld you, then that person has an account with Me.

If the person does not repent, then the responsibility resting upon you will be lifted, for the account will rest upon that person and his blood will not be poured over you. Ezekiel " Jesus to ld me that many famous people were walking to that place, famous and important people. Take for example, Michael Jackson. This man was famous all over the world but he was a satanist.

Although many people may not see it that way, but it is the truth. This man had satanic covenants: He came to agreement with the devil in order to achieve fame and attract many fans. Those steps that he performed, that's the way I saw demons walk while to rmenting people in hell. They would slide backward and not move forward, while they shout; enjoying the anguish they impose upon the people.

The Lord showed him to me after Michael died. Anyone who listens to Michael Jackson's songs or sings them or who is a fan of Michael Jackson, I warn you that satan is trapping you in his web so that you will end up in hell. Right now, renounce it in the name of Jesus! Jesus wants to set you free, so that you will not be lost. Jesus said, "Daughter, see how My people have walked away from Me. Daughter, I want to tell you that I am not coming for these people. I am coming for a holy people, ready, without blemish, without wrinkle and without defilement Go and tell your uncles; go and tell your relatives that they are coming this way!

Daughter, many will not believe you, but I am your faithful witness, I am your faithful witness. Even if they do not believe you, Daughter, go and tell them the truth, for I am with you. I will also show you, Daughter, how people arrive at this place. Not 1 thousand, not 2 thousand, but as many as the sand of the sea, countless. They were falling by the second, like handfuls of sand being thrown down.

Jesus was weeping, He said, "Daughter, this is how humanity perishes; this is how it is lost! Daughter, it hurts Me to see how humanity perishes. They hold daily secret meetings. Tell them to not leave open doors, to leave no place to satan, for satan walks about as a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. They want these people to return to the world again; to look back and end up in hell Go and tell them to preach the truth and to speak everything that I tell them and to never keep to themselves what I tell them!

There are also children in this place. Why are there children here? Your Word says, 'let the children to come un to Me, and do not s to p them: for the Kingdom of God belongs to such as these. The boy cried, "Lord have mercy of me, take me out of this place, I don't want to be here! I saw demons around this boy, that resembled car to on figures. I saw how he would spend all of his time in front of the TV, watching these car to ons. Jesus said, "Daughter, these animated car to ons, those movies, those soap operas that are seen daily on TV are satan's instruments to destroy humanity…Look, Daughter how this came to be.

When his parents talked to him, he would run away, throwing things and disobeying them. After this happened, a car ran over him and ended his life. Jesus to ld me, "Ever since then, he has been in this place. Jesus said, "Daughter, go and tell parents to instruct their child as is written in My Word.

Proverbs The Lord to ld me something that is very sad and very painful. He said, "Daughter, there are many children in this place because of animated car to ons, because of rebellion. While traveling through this tunnel, we suddenly came out to where there was light.

I saw no more darkness, to rment or flames. Soon we arrived at a door with giant letters written in gold, it said: "Welcome to the Kingdom of Heaven. I saw angels giving glory, honor and praise to our Heavenly Father! Revelations As we continued walking, we approached a table of which I could see the beginning, but not the end. Revelations I observed a large throne, and a smaller throne surrounded by thousands of chairs. Between the chairs were garments along with crowns.

There were plates, gold goblets, fruit; everything was served. It was so beautiful. There was a very large vessel in the middle of the table, which contained the wine for the dinner. And Jesus said, "Daughter, everything is ready for the arrival of My church.

There were well known people from the Bible, but they were not aged, but young. There was this young man with a large kerchief in his hand who danced and whirled around and praised the Lord.

Jesus said, "Daughter that young man that you see there is My servant, David. Suddenly, another young man passes by and Jesus to ld me, "Daughter, he is Joshua; he is Moses; this other young man is Abraham. They all had the same 16 countenance! Mary, who gave birth to Jesus Christ, Who I am. I want to tell you that you must go and tell humanity, tell idol worshippers that hell is real, and that idolaters will not inherit My kingdom, but go and tell them that if they repent, they can enter My heavenly dwelling place.

Go tell them that I love them and tell them that Mary has no knowledge of anything [happening on Earth] and the only One that they must exalt is Me, because neither Mary, nor St. I am the only One who saves and outside of Me — nobody, nobody, nobody- saves! Humanity has been deceived believing in an assumed saint, which is not, but is a demon, working through an idol made by the hand of man.

But, let me tell you that the Lord wants to give you the best. He wants you to enter the Kingdom of Heaven; to repent and to leave idolatry. Because idolatry will not save you. Jesus Christ of Nazareth is the one that saves, who gave His life for you, for me and for all humanity.

The Lord has a great message for humanity. As He wept, He to ld me, "Please, Daughter, do not be silent; go and tell the truth, go and tell what I have shown you. I said, "Lord, how pretty the way they wear their hair. What you are seeing is the heavenly dwelling, the heavenly mansions which are ready for My people. As we walked over it, we came upon streets that were made of pure gold! Revelations Everything was so beautiful, so brilliant, like shining glass, it was absolutely supernatural, inexplicable!

We saw heavenly mansions, and watched thousands of angels constructing them. Some of the angels constructed very rapidly, others constructed slowly and others were not constructing at all. I asked the Lord, "Why are some angels constructing rapidly, while others are slower, and some have those s to pped constructing? Daughter, My people no longer spread the gospel.

My people no 17 longer fast. My people are now ashamed. Those angels that you saw that were doing nothing belong to those people that have walked away from My paths Daughter, go and tell My people to return to the old paths," Jeremiah and in saying this He started to weep.

I heard other people singing, so I asked Him, "Lord, I want You to take me over there, where those people are singing. Later we arrived at this beautiful garden. That must have been the singing I heard. My people no longer do as they did before.

My people no longer praise, no longer worship Me; no longer seek Me as before. That is why I to ld you, Daughter, to go and tell My people to seek Me, for I will go, I will go, I will go - for a people that seeks Me in spirit and in truth, for a people that are ready, for a holy people!

He will return only for a people that is seeking Him in spirit and in truth. I said, "Lord, I don't want to go back to Earth! What do you mean — Earth? I want to stay with You. You brought me here and I'm not going anywhere because I am with You! I asked, "Lord, what are these wounds here? Daughter, I must take you to Earth: Your family and the nations are waiting for you.

I thought I would not have to return home, but the Lord to ld me, "Daughter, you have to return to Earth…Daughter, I am going to show you something: How I am coming to Earth for a holy people. I could observe the whole world. Then suddenly I saw thousands of people disappearing. Pregnant women had their pregnancy disappear, and they looked like they had gone crazy screaming. Many people were running from here to there, screaming, "This can't be, this can't be!

What's happening? Matt They were saying that Christ had come, the Rapture happened. They screamed and wanted to kill themselves, but they couldn't. The Lord to ld me, "Daughter, in those days, death will flee; Daughter, in those days the Holy Spirit will no longer be on Earth.

He to ld me, "Daughter, look, this is how everything will happen. The time to repent is now…Daughter, go tell humanity to seek Me, for during that time there will no longer be opportunity. Isaiah Daughter, it will be to o late for all those that stay behind. For the Lord to ld me, "Only those that are holy will enter the Kingdom of Heaven, Hebrews No one knows, neither the day nor the hour in which I will go for My holy people, not even the angels know it.

After that, He brought me back here to Earth. I was crying all the way down, pleading with Jesus, "Lord, please, don't leave me here. You must receive life, Daughter, so you can go and testify what you have seen. Many will not believe you; many will believe you, but I am your faithful witness.

I am with you. She went, "uuhmm," nothing else. I said, "Thank You, Lord, because my daughter is back! After about five hours, she was able to open her eyes and talk. At first we could hardly understand what she was saying; it just wasn't clear. We needed to keep the windows covered, because her eyes couldn't handle the light. But because she was so weak, she could only tell us a little. She could see them clearly; they would try to hide themselves in the shadows.

They were here within three days of her return, before she could really talk. She asked them what they wanted and they replied, "We have come to make a pact with you You must not say anything of what you saw down there, because if you speak, we will kill you. She said there were no words to describe how horrible they looked. She would rebuke them, but they would not leave.

She would fight back rebuking them, but she had no strength. One time when she rebuked them, a tremendous light appeared and then they fled!

It was the Lord. What my daughter went through was not easy. She was given a profound message to all humanity, to seek God. But humanity thinks that what it is doing is alright. Youth that are in to drugs and alcohol, they think that's OK, but it's not.

One of the greatest experiences that my daughter had was when she saw many entertainers in hell, including dancers, and also Pope John Paul II. It's time to seek the Lord, to repent and to humble oneself before Him. The Word of God is true when it says, "Heaven and Earth shall pass away, but My words shall not pass away. The Lord also showed her a tunnel, 20 where people were walking to hell.

But even the Lord's people don't believe this, many just don't believe. The main message was that we should seek the Lord, not just from our lips, but from the deepest part of our heart, for the Lord's coming is at hand. Jesus said , "I am no longer at the door; I am beyond the door. I will come soon; My coming is near. My people have left Me and gone back to worldly things When the trumpet sounds we must be ready to meet the Lord, and it will be wonderful! In those days, He will no longer be on Earth.

Many people wanted to kill themselves, but Jesus said, "They shall seek death, but death shall flee from humanity. Death will no longer be during that time. Those who knew the Lord, but were left behind, went crying through the streets, wanting to kill themselves, but they could not do anything. Tell My People that only the holy ones, only the holy ones will see Me! And do not be silent: Keep on declaring what I have to ld you.

Raise your left hand and if you feel like crying, then cry. For those who want to accept the Lord, repeat after me.

Wash me with Your precious blood. She was just 18, and had just given her life to christ fully, a year back, when she was During a prayer session with her family, she asked the Lord for a sign that he's. When I was a teenager years I became a carnal Christian and I went to church but also loved the world.

Until one day, on March my mom brought me the testimony of Angelica Zambrano A girl who testified heaven and hell.

After reading, I cried repenting and confessing all of my sins.

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Its size can vary from system to system, but in each is between 1 and 10 kilometers. See all conversions for miles here. A kilometre US spelling: kilometer; symbol: km is a unit of length that is equal to 1, metres, the current International System of Units SI base unit of length. The kilometre is part of the metric system. A corresponding unit of area is the square kilometre and a corresponding unit of volume is the cubic kilometre. Current use: Although most countries have adopted the metric system and use kilometers, rather than miles, to express land distance, the mile is still prevalently used in countries such as the United States US , United Kingdom UK , Myanmar, and Liberia, as well as some other countries which are either US or UK territories, or have historical ties with either country.

One kilometer is equivalent to 0. One kilometer is therefore one thousand meters. On the other hand, some units measure a different quantity, such as time. Multiply to convert bigger to smaller units, divide to convert smaller to bigger units! In this case, multiply to convert from kilometers to miles. Also, divide to convert from miles to kilometers. Different countries use different units of length for measuring things. Miles and kilometers are both used a lot when traveling.

For instance, if you were to drive from Nashville, Tennessee to Fayetteville, Arkansas, that's miles of driving. But maybe you want to know how far that is in kilometers. Since we are converting miles to kilometer, from a bigger unit to a smaller unit, we multiply.

Convert 5 kilometers to miles. This is not the same thing the previous question asked. We are looking to do the conversion in the reverse direction!

Pre-Algebra Converting Units of Length. Explanations 3. Zora Gilbert. Convert Miles to Kilometers Conversion between miles and kilometers can be messy. Convert to: Kilometers km Miles mi. Value to convert:. Round decimal places : 1 2 3 4 - Convert. Use this calculator to convert kilometers km to miles mi and miles to kilometers.

This converter is part of the full length and distance converter tool. Like this?

Under WOT or heavy load, max boost is apparently 1. Somehow when I submitted this post it didn't include the e-sys inquiry. Originally Posted by TheHouseWon. Appreciate 3. No - the DME has maps upto 22psi. The requested target torque can be anything upto that level The DME will provide upto 22psi to achieve the torque target. In most cases, the car can support hp with psi. When you get a flash, you target a high torque request, so that you pretty much request 22psi all the time.

The number is Great info, thx. Appreciate 2. Brigadier General. First Lieutenant. Sorry but I don't understand, the boost with map 1 JB4 is 18psi and the sotck boost is 18 psi too? Do I miss something?

MHD tune. Originally Posted by rif So many different answers. Originally Posted by boots. FSociety Lieutenant Colonel. All modern bmw turbo cars,and,and almost any car maker adjusts boost based on temp, elevation and essential air density. It always strives to make target hp. On a cold day at sea level a stock car perhaps hits 14 max boost. A hot day at elevation a car may hit Jb4 stage 1 and similar Piffy backs tap into this window and therefore essentially will make a car see 18 boost even if its,cold and normally would be A hot day you have less headroom.

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Tags: None. How did you get 1,7 bar??? Are you still running the standard S2 turbo k24? Normally a ABY should do 1,4 bar in overboost. Comment Post Cancel. Originally posted by S2Ian View Post. On my S4 i had an EGT sensor fail on one bank, this caused no loss of boost. However, a few months later my boost dropped off to about half!

Sometimes it fully boosted most of the time it didnt. Chacked the car and my EGT on bank 2 had failed this time. Changed it and car was fully boosting every time.