Why did pueblos rebel in 1680

Spanish authorities decided to stop such displays by force. New Mexico governor Juan Francisco Trevino arrested forty-seven medicine men. All the medicine men were publicly whipped, four of the men were hanged, and the rest were imprisoned. San Juan warriors arrived at the home of the governor one night and threatened that they would kill the governor and his family if the medicine men were not freed.

Trevino gave in to their demands. After being freed the elderly medicine man returned to the north where he began preaching insurrection for the next several years. Pueblo peoples and villages were scattered and traditionally independent of one another and persuading them to work together to remove the Spanish was a daunting task for Pope.

However, the medicine man was up to the challenge and over several years the Pueblo groups started working together. Pope insisted on tight security and even had his son-in-law killed because as a Spanish official he might be a security risk.

The leaders met on Pueblo village saints days to eliminate suspicion about why they might be in a particular pueblo at an unusual time. Finally, the plan came together. A false day of the attack- August 13th- was told to the followers. When two of the runners sent to tell the Pueblo villages of the plan were caught, the Spanish believed they would have more time to prepare.

Again runners were sent out, this time with the correct day - August 10th. It was very important that all the villages coordinate their attack plan and strike at the same time so the Spanish would be unable to help each other.

Proud to celebrate this victory of the Indigenous people of of NM, Sad to think of the brutal oppression that made it necessary, Happy to know that Culture is alive and well! Thank you for sharing this on social media. So many facts have been left out of history taught in schools.

Although the Spanish worked their way down the Rio Grande, nearby groups who had contact via trade heard of the success. Many felt that they too were being persecuted by the Spanish. Forced to work the silver mines in Chihuahua many had had enough. It took years to organize a unified effort but inspired by events of the Revolt, in Natives from La Junta revolted. They too ran the missionaries and Spanish out of their territory for a while.

So the events inspired many others. The Jumano-Nation is alive today because of the Revolt. I was stationed in Albuquerque in the Air Force from until I visited many historical sites while there. Indians who had lived and worshiped independently for centuries were forced to abandon their religions, adopt Christianity, and pay tribute to Spanish rulers.

Their traditional centers of worship kivas were destroyed along with the sacramental objects kachina s with which their ceremonies and devotions had always been performed. Resistance to Spanish rule was met with imprisonment, torture, and amputations. After three generations of oppression, in the spring of , the Pueblo Indians rose up to overthrow the Spanish.

A religious leader from Taos Pueblo named Pope sometimes found as Popay secretly organized a widespread rebellion to occur throughout the region on a single day. What did it signify? What did it achieve? Backed by armed force and not reluctant to use the whip, Catholic missionaries had set out to destroy the ancestral Pueblo world in every respect, including what people could believe and how they could marry, work, live their lives, and pray.

When the rebels could capture Franciscan priests, they killed them, sometimes after torturing them. They destroyed Catholic images, tore down mission churches, and defiled the vessels of the Catholic Mass.

They put an end to marriages on Christian terms. They restored the kivas where Pueblo men had honored their ancestral Kachinas. With Catholic symbols and Spanish practices gone, the Pueblos set out to restore the lives their ancestors had lived.

The enormous, open distances of the Southwest posed a major problem. He solved it by dispatching runners carrying knotted ropes, each separate knot to be untied, one day at a time, until the chosen day, August 11, The runners had to deal with language differences as well.

Instead, the Spanish conquerors had found Keres, Tompiros, Tewas, Tiwas, Towas, Piros, and Zuni, all living in similar-looking adobe villages pueblos , hence the name , as well as Utes, Navajos, and Apaches. Their languages differed greatly, and their relations with one another were not always friendly.

The Spanish rulers in Santa Fe received only the barest warning before the revolt broke out. Despite the differences, as the late historian Jack D. Neither distance nor language formed a barrier against communication. People in their settled adobe villages had had centuries to build relationships and customs, of commerce, alliance, peace, and war.

By the time the Spaniards arrived, the settled tribes had also built relationships and customs with nomadic groups the Utes, Navajos, and Apaches , creating webs of trade and understanding. In this regard Pueblo people were not much different from other settled horticultural villagers, including the Caddo of East Texas, the Mandan of the Upper Missouri Valley, and the Huron on Georgian Bay, all of whom also dealt regularly with nomadic neighbors.

Pueblo languages differed, but so did Basque, Castilian, Catalan, Portuguese, and other tongues of the Iberian Peninsula. If a conflict led to war, village people knew how to abandon their permanent sites and find refuge among wanderers.